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7.1.3.8 Packet Tracer – Examine Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Visitors Teacher Model
Topology
7.1.3.8 Packet Tracer – Examine Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Visitors
Targets
Half 1: Generate Unicast Visitors
Half 2: Generate Broadcast Visitors
Half 3: Examine Multicast Visitors
Background / Situation
This exercise will study unicast, broadcast, and multicast habits. Most site visitors in a community is unicast. When a PC sends an ICMP echo request to a distant router, the supply tackle within the IP packet header is the IP tackle of the sending PC. The vacation spot tackle within the IP packet header is the IP tackle of the interface on the distant router. The packet is distributed solely to the meant vacation spot.
Utilizing the ping command or the Add Advanced PDU characteristic of Packet Tracer, you’ll be able to instantly ping broadcast addresses to view broadcast site visitors.
For multicast site visitors, you’ll view EIGRP site visitors. EIGRP is utilized by Cisco routers to trade routing info between routers. Routers utilizing EIGRP ship packets to multicast tackle 224.0.0.10, which represents the group of EIGRP routers. Though these packets are acquired by different gadgets, they’re dropped at Layer 3 by all gadgets besides EIGRP routers, with no different processing required.
Half 1: Generate Unicast Visitors
Step 1: Use ping to generate site visitors.
a. Click on PC1 and click on the Desktop tab > Command Immediate.
b. Enter the ping 10.0.3.2 command. The ping ought to succeed.
Step 2: Enter Simulation mode.
a. Click on the Simulation tab to enter Simulation mode.
b. Click on Edit Filters and confirm that solely ICMP and EIGRP occasions are chosen.
c. Click on PC1 and enter the ping 10.0.3.2 command.
Step 3: Look at unicast site visitors.
The PDU at PC1 is an ICMP echo request meant for the serial interface on Router3.
- a. Click on Seize/Ahead repeatedly and watch whereas the echo request is distributed to Router3 and the echo reply is distributed again to PC1. Cease when the primary echo reply reaches PC1.
Which gadgets did the packet journey via with the unicast transmission?
From PC1 to Switch1 to Router1 to Router3 and again. - b. Within the Simulation Panel Occasion Checklist part, the final column incorporates a coloured field that gives entry to detailed details about an occasion. Click on the coloured field within the final column for the primary occasion. The PDU Info window opens.
What layer does this transmission begin at and why?
Layer 3, as a result of it’s dealing particularly with IP and ICMP - c. Look at the Layer 3 info for all the occasions. Discover that each the supply and vacation spot IP addresses are unicast addresses that confer with PC1 and the serial interface on Router3.
What two adjustments happen at Layer 3 when the packet arrives at Router3?
The supply and vacation spot IP addresses are flipped and the ICMP message kind is now 0.
Half 2: Generate Broadcast Visitors
Step 1: Add a posh PDU.
- a. Click on Add Advanced PDU. The icon for that is in the suitable toolbar and reveals an open envelope.
- b. Float the mouse cursor over the topology and the pointer adjustments to an envelope with a plus (+) signal.
- c. Click on PC1 to function the supply for this check message and the Create Advanced PDU dialog window opens. Enter the next values:
- Vacation spot IP Deal with: 255.255.255.255 (broadcast tackle)
- Sequence Quantity: 1
- One Shot Time: 0
Throughout the PDU settings, the default for Choose Software: is PING. What are a minimum of 3 different purposes obtainable to be used?
DNS, FINGER, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, NETBIOS, PING, POP3, SFTP, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, TELNET, TFTP and OTHER - d. Click on Create PDU. This check broadcast packet now seems within the Simulation Panel Occasion Checklist. It additionally seems within the PDU Checklist window. It’s the first PDU for Situation 0.
- e. Click on Seize/Ahead twice. This packet is distributed to the swap after which broadcasted to PC2, PC3, and Router1. Look at the Layer 3 info for all the occasions. Discover that the vacation spot IP tackle is 255.255.255.255, which is the IP broadcast tackle you configured while you created the complicated PDU.
Analyzing the OSI Mannequin info, what adjustments happen within the Layer 3 info of the Out Layers column at Router1, PC2, and PC3?
The PDU turns into a unicast replying again to PC1. - f. Click on Seize/Ahead once more. Does the printed PDU ever ahead on to Router2 or Router3? Why?
No. The restricted broadcast ought to stay inside the native community until the router is ready to ahead. - g. After you might be accomplished analyzing the printed habits, delete the check packet by clicking Delete under Situation 0
.
Half 3: Examine Multicast Visitors
Step 1: Look at the site visitors generated by routing protocols.
- a. Click on Seize/Ahead. EIGRP packets are at Router1 ready to be multicast out of every interface.
- b. Look at the contents of those packets by opening the PDU Info window and click on Seize/Ahead once more. The packets are despatched to the 2 different routers and the swap. The routers settle for and course of the packets, as a result of they’re a part of the multicast group. The swap will ahead the packets to the PCs.
- c. Click on Seize/Ahead till you see the EIGRP packet arrive on the PCs.
What do the hosts do with the packets?
The hosts reject and drop the packets.
Look at the Layer 3 and Layer 4 info for all the EIGRP occasions.
What’s the vacation spot tackle of every of the packets?
224.0.0.10, the IP multicast tackle for the EIGRP routing protocol. - d. Click on one of many packets delivered to one of many PCs. What occurs to these packets?
The packets are dropped and no extra processing is finished.
Primarily based on the site visitors generated by the three varieties of IP packets, what are the key variations in supply?
The unicast packet strikes via the community destined for a selected gadget, the printed will get despatched to each gadget within the native space community and the multicast is distributed to all gadgets however solely processed by these which can be a part of the multicast group.
Obtain PDF & PKA file:
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