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- 7.1 IPv4 Community Addresses
- Convert between binary and decimal numbering methods.
- Describe the construction of an IPv4 deal with together with the community portion, the host portion, and the subnet masks.
- Evaluate the traits and makes use of of the unicast, broadcast, and multicast IPv4 addresses.
- Clarify public, personal, and reserved IPv4 addresses.
- 7.2 IPv6 Community Addresses
- Clarify the necessity for IPv6 addressing.
- Describe the illustration of an IPv6 deal with.
- Describe kinds of IPv6 community addresses.
- Configure world unicast addresses.
- Describe multicast addresses.
- 7.3 Connectivity Verification
- Clarify how ICMP is used to check community connectivity.
- Use ping and traceroute utilities to check community connectivity.
7.1 IPv4 Community Addresses
Binary and Decimal Conversion
- IPv4 Addresses
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- consists of a string of 32 bits, divided into 4 sections known as octets.
- Every octet accommodates 8 bits (or 1 byte) separated with a dot.
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- Conversion between Binary to Decimal
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- Use the chart to assist with conversion
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IPv4 Deal with Construction
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- Community and Host Parts
- The Subnet Masks
- Logical AND
- What’s the community deal with for graphics?
- Prefix Size
- What’s the prefix size for the graphics?
- Community, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
- Community Deal with?
- Vary of Legitimate Hosts?
- Broadcast Deal with?
IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast
- IPv4 Addressing Task to a Host
- Static – Kind in manually
- Dynamic – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- IPv4 Communication
- Unicast – ship packets from one host to a person host
- Broadcast – ship packets from one host to all of the hosts within the community
- Multicast – ship a packet from one host to a specific group of hosts in the identical or totally different community
- Which kinds of communication are the graphics on the fitting?
Forms of IPv4 Addresses
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- Public and Non-public IPv4 Addresses
- Non-public addresses will not be routed over the Web
- Non-public Addresses:
- 10.0.0.0/8 or 10.0.0.0 to10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 /16 or 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
- Public and Non-public IPv4 Addresses
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- Particular Consumer IPv4 Addresses
- Loopback addresses
– 127.0.0.0 /8 or 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254 - Hyperlink-Native addresses or Computerized Non-public IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses
– 169.254.0.0 /16 or 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 - TEST-NET addresses
– 192.0.2.0/24 or 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255
- Loopback addresses
- Classless Addressing
- CIDR
- Allotted IPv4 addresses primarily based on prefix size
- Task of IP Addresses
- Particular Consumer IPv4 Addresses
7.2 IPv6 Community Addresses
IPv4 Points
- The Want for IPv6
- Depletion of IPv4 deal with area
- Web of Every part
- IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
- Twin Stack – IPv4 and IPv6 on the identical community
- Tunneling – IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets
- Translation – IPv6 packet is translated to an IPv4 packet, and vice versa.
IPv6 Addressing
- IPv6 Deal with Illustration
x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, the place x represents 4 hexadecimal values - Apply the principles to easily these IPv6 Addresses
- Rule 1: Omit Main 0s
- Rule 2: Omit All 0 Segments
- 2001:0DB8:0000:1133:0000:0000:0000:0200
- 2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:1111:0000:0000:0200
- 2001:0DB8:000A:0000:0000:0000:0000:1000
- 2001:0DB8:ACAD:1234:0000:0000:0000:0000
- 2001:0DB8:0000:1111:0020:0000:ACAD:0000
- FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
- FE80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0003
- 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
Forms of IPv6 Addresses
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- IPv6 Deal with Varieties
- IPv6 Prefix Size
- Signifies the community portion
- Format: IPv6 deal with /prefix size
- Prefix size vary from 0 to 128
- Typical size is /64
- Widespread Forms of IPv6 Addresses
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- Unicast Addresses
– Distinctive, Web routable addresses
– Configured statically or assigned dynamically - Hyperlink-Native Unicast Addresses
– Talk with different IPv6 enabled gadgets on the identical hyperlink
– Gadget creates its personal hyperlink native deal with with out DHCP server - Distinctive Native Addresses
– Distinctive native unicast
– Used for native addresses inside a web site or between a restricted variety of websites
- Unicast Addresses
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IPv6 Unicast Addresses
- Construction of an IPv6 World Unicast Deal with
- World Routing Prefix
- Subnet ID
- Interface ID
- Static Configuration of a World Unicast Deal with
- ipv6 deal with ipv6-address/prefix-length
- Dynamic Configuration
- Hyperlink-Native Addresses
- Verifying IPv6 Deal with Configuration
- present ipv6 interface transient
IPv6 Multicast Addresses
- Assigned IPv6 Multicast Addresses
- IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8
– FF02::1 All-nodes multicast group
– FF02::2 All-routers multicast group
- IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8
- Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses
7.3 Connectivity Verification
ICMP
- ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
- Host Affirmation
- Vacation spot or Service Unreachable
- Time Exceeded
- Router Redirection
- ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Commercial Messages
- Messaging between an IPv6 router and an IPv6 gadget:
- Router Solicitation (RS) message
- Router Commercial (RA) message
- Messaging between IPv6 gadgets:
- Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message
- Neighbor Commercial (NA) message
- Duplicate Deal with Detection (DAD)
- Messaging between an IPv6 router and an IPv6 gadget:
Testing and Verification
- Ping
- Testing the Native Stack
– 127.0.0.1 (IPv4) or ::1 (IPv6) - Testing Connectivity to the Native LAN
- Testing Connectivity to Distant
- Testing the Native Stack
- Traceroute
- Testing the Path
– Spherical Journey Time (RTT)
– IPv4 TTL and IPv6 Hop Restrict
- Testing the Path
7.4 Chapter Abstract
Abstract
- Clarify using IPv4 addresses to offer connectivity in a small to medium-sized enterprise community.
- Configure IPv6 addresses to offer connectivity in small to medium-sized enterprise networks.
- Use widespread testing utilities to confirm community connectivity.
Part 7.1 New Phrases and Instructions
-
- ANDing
- Binary Numbering System
- Broadcast
- Broadcast Deal with
- Broadcast Area
- Class A
- Class B
- Class C
- Class D
- Class E
- Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR)
- DHCP Server
- DHCP Consumer Dynamic Task
- Directed Broadcast
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- Dotted Decimal Format
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- Host Deal with
- Web Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
- Web Service Suppliers (ISPs)
- IPv4 Loopback Deal with
- Restricted Broadcast
- Hyperlink-local Addresses
- Multicast Transmission
- Multicast
- Multicast Addresses
- Community Deal with
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-
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- Octet
- Positional Notation
- Prefix Size
- Non-public Deal with
- Public Deal with
- radix
- Regional Web Registries (RIRs)
- RFC 1918
- Slash Notation
- Static IP Addressing
- Subnet Masks
- TEST-NET Addresses
- Unicast
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Part 7.2 New Phrases and Instructions
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-
- Deal with Decision
- Assigned multicast
- Vacation spot or Service Unreachable
- Twin-stack
- Duplicate Deal with Detection
- EUI-64 Course of
- FF02::1 All-nodes multicast group
- FF02::2 All-routers multicast group
- World Unicast Deal with
- Hextet
- Host affirmation
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- ICMPv6
- IPv4 Time-to-Reside (TTL)
- IPv6
- IPv6 Anycast
- IPv6 Hop Restrict
- IPv6 link-local deal with
- IPv6 Loopback Deal with
- IPv6 Multicast
- IPv6 Prefix Size
- IPv6 Unicast
- Main Zeros
- Hyperlink-local Deal with
- Community Deal with Translation (NAT64)
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- Spherical Journey Time (RTT)
- Route redirection
- Router Commercial
- Router Solicitation
- present ipv6 interface transient
- present ipv6 route
- Solicited node multicast
- Stateless Deal with Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
- Time exceeded
- Tunneling
- Distinctive Native Deal with
- Unspecified Deal with
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