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CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material

bachit by bachit
March 4, 2022
CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material
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  • 6.1 Community Layer Protocols
    • Describe the aim of the community layer in information communication.
    • Clarify why the IPv4 protocol requires different layers to supply reliability.
    • Clarify the position of the foremost header fields within the IPv4 and IPv6 packet.
  • 6.2 Routing
    • Clarify how a bunch gadget makes use of routing tables to direct packets to itself, an area vacation spot, or a default gateway.
    • Examine a bunch routing desk to a routing desk in a router.
  • 6.3 Routers
    • Describe the frequent elements and interfaces of a router.
    • Describe the boot-up strategy of a Cisco IOS router.
  • 6.4 Configure a Cisco Router
    • Configure preliminary settings on a Cisco IOS router.
    • Configure two lively interfaces on a Cisco IOS router.
    • Configure gadgets to make use of the default gateway.

6.1 Community Layer Protocols

Community Layer in Communications

  • The Community Layer
    • Finish to Finish Transport processes
    • Addressing finish gadgets
    • Encapsulation
    • Routing
    • De-encapsulating
  • Community Layer Protocols

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 14

Traits of the IP Protocol

  • Encapsulating IP
    • Segments are encapsulated into IP packets for transmission.
    • The community layer provides a header so packets may be routed to the vacation spot.
  • IP – Connectionless
    • Sender doesn’t know if the receiver is listening or the message arrived on time.
    • Receiver doesn’t know information is coming.
  • IP – Finest Effort Supply
    No ensures of supply are made.
  • IP – Media Unbiased
    • IP can journey over various kinds of media.

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 15

IPv4 Packet

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 16

  • Model = 0100
  • DS = Packet Precedence
  • TTL = Limits lifetime of Packet
  • Protocol = Higher layer protocol corresponding to TCP
  • Supply IP Deal with = supply of packet
  • Vacation spot IP Deal with = vacation spot of packet

IPv6 Packet

  • Limitations of IPv4
    • IP tackle depletion
    • Web routing desk enlargement
    • Lack of end-to-end connectivity
  • Introducing IPv6
    • Elevated tackle house
    • Improved packet dealing with
    • Eliminates the necessity for NAT
  • EncapsulatingIPv6
    • Simplified header format
    • No checksum course of requirement
    • Extra environment friendly Choices Header mechanism
    • Move Label area makes it extra environment friendly.
  • IPv6 Packet Header
    – xx

IPv6 Packet (Cont.)

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 17

  • Model = 0110
  • Visitors Class = Precedence
  • Move Label = identical circulate will obtain identical dealing with
  • Payload Size = identical as whole size
  • Subsequent Header = Layer 4 Protocol
  • Hop Restrict = Replaces TTL area
See also  CCNA 1 Final Exam Answers 2019 (v5.1+v6.0) Introduction to Networks

6.2 Routing

How a Host Routes

  • Host Forwarding Resolution
    • Three sorts of vacation spot: itself, native host, distant host.
  • Default Gateway
    • Routes site visitors to different networks
    • Has an area IP tackle in the identical tackle vary as different hosts on the community
    • Can take information in and ahead information out
  • Utilizing the Default Gateway
    • Hosts will use the default gateway when sending packets to distant networks.
  • Host Routing Tables
    • Use the netstat –r command to show the
    • host routing desk on a Home windows machine.

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 18

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 19

How a Host Routes Router Routing Tables

  • Router Packet Forwarding Resolution
    • Routers and hosts ahead packets in a similar way.
    • The principle distinction is that routers have extra interfaces whereas hosts usually have just one.
    • Units on instantly linked networks may be reached instantly.
    • Units on distant networks are reached by gateway.
  • IPv4 Router Routing Desk
    • The router routing desk shops community routes the router is aware of about.
    • Use the present ip route command to show the routing desk on a Cisco router.
    • The router routing desk additionally has data on: how the route was discovered, its trustworthiness and ranking.
    • It additionally accommodates which interface to make use of to succeed in that specifc vacation spot.
  • Instantly Linked Routing Desk Entries
    • C – Identifies a directly-connected community, routinely created when an interface is configured with an IP tackle and activated.
    • L – Identifies that this can be a native interface. That is the IPv4 tackle of the interface on the router.
  • Distant Community Routing Desk Entries
  • Distant Community Routing Desk Entries
    • Distant locations can’t be reached instantly.
    • Distant routes include the tackle of the intermediate community gadget for use to succeed in the vacation spot.
  • Subsequent-Hop Deal with
    Subsequent-Hop tackle is the tackle of the intermediate gadget used to succeed in a specifc distant vacation spot.

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 20

6.3 Routers

Anatomy of a Router

  • A Router is a Laptop
    • Routers have CPU, reminiscence and I/O gadgets
    • Cisco routers use IOS as their working system.
  • Router Reminiscence
    • Simply as a pc, routers have reminiscence.
    • Routers include RAM, ROM, NVRAM and Flash reminiscence.
  • Inside a Router
    • Routers have the identical common construction.
  • Connect with a Router
    • Routers have might ports to assist connections.
  • LAN and WAN Interfaces
    • Routers have LAN and WAN ports.
    • Completely different fashions ship with completely different ports.
    • Ethernet is quite common on completely different router fashions.
See also  Match The Marketing Goal To The Correct Ad Extension.

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 21

Anatomy of a Router

  • Bootset Recordsdata
    • IOS picture file, saved within the Flash, accommodates the IOS.
    • The Flash additionally shops different system information.
    • The NVRAM shops configuration parameters.
  • Router Bootup Course of
    • Carry out the POST and cargo the bootstrap program.
    • Find and cargo the Cisco IOS software program.
    • Find and cargo the startup configuration file or enter setup mode
  • Present Model Output
    • The present model command could be very helpful.
    • It offers data on the quantities of reminiscence put in, what IOS photos was loaded throughout boot and extra.

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 22

6.4 Configuring a Cisco Router

Configure Preliminary Settings

  • Fundamental Change Configuration Steps
  • Configure gadget identify
  • Safe EXEC mode
  • Safe VTY traces
  • Safe privilege EXEC mode
  • Safe all passwords
  • Present authorized notification
  • Configure the administration SVI
  • Save the configuration
  • Fundamental Router Configuration Steps
  • Configure gadget identify
  • Safe EXEC mode
  • Safe VTY traces
  • Safe privilege EXEC mode
  • Safe all passwords
  • Present authorized notification
  • Configure the administration SVI
  • Save the configuration

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 23

Configure Interfaces

    • Configure Router Interfaces
    • Enter the interface sub-configuration mode.
    • Add an outline to the Interface (optionally available)
    • Configure an IPv4 or IPv6 tackle.
    • Activate the interface with a no shutdown command
  • Confirm Interface Configuration
    • present ip route – Shows the contents of the IPv4 routing desk saved in RAM.
    • present interfaces – Shows statistics for all interfaces on the gadget.
    • present ip interface – Shows the IPv4 statistics for all interfaces on a router.

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 24

Configure the Default Gateway

    • Default Gateway for a Host

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 25

CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material - Chapter 6: Network Layer 26

  • Default Gateway for a Change
    • A default gateway is required for distant community communication.
    • If a change is to be managed through its VTY traces, it wants a default gateway.
    • Use the ip default-gateway command to configure the default gateway for a change.
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6.5 Chapter Abstract

Abstract

  • Clarify how community layer protocols and companies assist communications throughout information networks.
  • Clarify how routers allow end-to-end connectivity in a small to medium-sized enterprise community.
  • Clarify how gadgets route site visitors in a small to medium-sized enterprise community.
  • Configure a router with fundamental configurations.

Part 6.1 New Phrases and Instructions

  • encapsulation
  • routing
  • de-encapsulation
  • information
  • packet
  • body
  • Web Protocol Model 4 (IPv4)
  • Web Protocol Model 6 (IPv6)
  • Community Layer PDU = IP Packet
  • Transport Layer PDu
  • Phase Header
  • IP Header
  • Auxiliary port (AUX)
  • connectionless
  • greatest effort supply
  • media impartial
  • Connectionless
  • unreliable
  • most transmission unit (MTU)
  • Model
  • Differentiated Providers (DS)
  • Time-to-Stay (TTL)
  • Web Management Message Protocol (ICMP)
  • information payload
  • Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset fields
  • key phrase
  • Community Deal with Translation (NAT)
  • Visitors Class
  • Move Label
  • Payload Size
  • Subsequent Header
  • Hop Restrict
  • native host
  • distant host
  • default gateway

Part 6.2 New Phrases and Instructions

  • netstat –r
  • route print
  • interface record
  • IPv4 Route Desk
  • IPv6 Route Desk
  • directly-connected routes
  • distant routes
  • default route
  • present ip route
  • route supply
  • vacation spot community
  • outgoing interface
  • administrative distance
  • metric
  • next-hop
  • route timestamp
  • department routers
  • WAN routers
  • service supplier routers

Part 6.3 New Phrases and Instructions

  • Energy-on-self-test POST
  • RAM
  • ROM
  • NVRAM
  • Flash
  • Synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
  • WIC
  • high-speed WIC (HWIC)
  • ROMMON
  • Superior Integration Module (AIM)
  • Enhanced high-speed WAN interface card (eHWIC)
  • Serial module
  • Ethernet interfaces
  • Auxiliary (AUX) RJ-45 port
  • In-band router interfaces
  • Console
  • Out-of-band
  • Safe Shell (SSH)
  • Telnet
  • startup-config
  • running-config
  • bootstrap program
  • Trivial File Transport Protocol (TFTP)

Part 6.4 New Phrases and Instructions

  • interface type-and-number
  • ip tackle ipv4-address subnet-mask
  • description description-text
  • no shutdown
  • present ip interface temporary
  • ping ip tackle
  • present ip route
  • present interfaces
  • present ip interface temporary
  • ip default-gateway ip-address

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